| Deccani Urdu | |
|---|---|
| Hyderabadi Urdu | |
| Spoken in | Telengana parts of Karnataka and Maharashtra) |
| Region | Deccan |
| Language family |
Indo-European
|
| Writing system | Urdu |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | dcc |
| Linguist List | hin-dak |
Hyderabadi Urdu (Urdu: حیدرآبادی اردو) is a dialect of Urdu spoken in the Indian region of Hyderabad State (now Telengana, parts of Karnataka and Maharashtra) and its diaspora.[1] It is also known as Deccani Urdu from its former name Hyderabad Deccan. It contain loan words from Arabic, Turkish, Indo-Aryan languages (such as Persian, Urdu, Hindi, and Marathi), and Dravidian languages such as Telugu.[2]
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The Urdu language from Delhi was introduced in the Deccan region during Alauddin Khilji invasion inbetween 1295 AD to 1316 Ad. It became more popular in deccan during and after Muhammad bin Tughluq shifted the Sultanate capital from Delhi and made the kingdom capital to the city of Daulatabad in 1327 AD. Revolting against the Sultanate was formed Bahmani Sultanate in 1347 AD making Daulatabad as its sultanate capital which was later shifted to Gulbargah and in 1430 the capital atlast moved to Bidar, Bahmani Sultanate existed for around 150 years, and expanded almost into the entire South India (which was then named as Deccan). All these circumstances of shifting of power, moving of capitals and expansion of sultanate created a growing atmosphere for the Urdu language of Delhi, which was then came to be known as Deccani and received patronage from its rulers, though it was known with other names such as Hinduastani, Zaban Hinduastani, Dehalvi and Hindawi. The sufi's during those periods were the earliest to use Deccani in written form. The earliest available manuscript record is Kadam Rao Padam Rao a Masnavi of Fakhruddin Nizami, written during 1421-1434 AD.[3] When Bahmani Sultanate split (1483-1518) into five new kingdoms Deccani gained a de facto court language status and it was widely written and popularized by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah and Ibrahim Adil Shah II, were great patron of regional literature, arts and culture.[4]
When Mughals took over Deccan many notable personalities, secular and religious settled in the Deccan, have caused the language to spread through the borders that now form parts of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. One such poet of Mughal region was Wali Deccani (1667–1707), the first established poet to have composed Ghazals and compiled a divan (a collection of ghazals where the entire alphabet is used at least once as the last letter to define the rhyme pattern).[4] When Nizams declared suzerainty over Deccan Suba in 1724 AD, Deccani was apparently benefited literary growth by creating more centres of patronage and economic development, in 1883 Urdu Language of Deccan was declared as state Language and remained until Nizams came to an end in 1948 AD.[4]
In Hyderabad Deccan's historic past, Mughals had great influence on the region attributing to the mix and introduction of more words from Middle eastern Languages. Marathi had a good influence after Urdu, Arabic, Persian and Turkish.
Linguistically, it is notable for its mixing of the Indo-Aryan languages of the North (Hindustani) with the Dravidian languages of the South (Telugu and Marathi). This dialect can be understood very easily by most Hindi or Urdu - speakers, but it is difficult for non-native speakers to use it themselves.
Some differences are:
The plural of a word is formed by sufixing 'an' to the word. the letter 'n' is silent. example: pottian (girls), choran (thieves), machcharan (mosquitoes), naaman (names), logan (people) etc.
One of the main differences is that the letter "Qaaf" is pronounced as "Khaa". 'qabar' (grave) is pronounced as 'khabar' (news).
Hyderabadi Urdu gained sudden prominence and recognition in 2006 after the success of the comedy film The Angrez in which the characters use the dialect. The film's success sparked several further Hyderabadi dialect films including: Kal ka Nawab, Hyderabad Nawaabs, Aadab Hyderabad,Gullu Dada, Gullu Dada returns, Berozgaar, Hungama In Dubai.
long before 2006, in the sixteys ie 1960- 1965 film star Mehmood had pouparised the hyderabadi slang in indian fims. also we must not forget that Osmania University had adopted Udru as the medium of instruction as early as 1923 and it was discontinued after the fall of hyderabad in 1948.
A very famous guiness record holder drama /stage comedy written in dakhni is Adrak Ke Punjey. Many Urdu poets also write in the Hyderabadi dialect, including Pagal Adilabadi, Khwamakhwa and Nukko Hyderabadi (of Chicago, Illinois).
kaiku ki kya nae ki(i don't know why)
chodo miya ( take it easy ) light lo (ignore) aba pheka marra (making things up)
Administratively, Hyderabad State was made up of sixteen districts, grouped into four divisions: